The main diagnostic features of ADHD are carelessness and hyperactivity/impulsivity however, in adult ADHD, symptoms such as problems with executive function, emotion regulation, self-concept, self-esteem, and interpersonal relationships are the main features in addition to the main diagnostic characteristics. ADHD in adults has a different pattern compared with that of ADHD in children thus, it is often underdiagnosed in adults and not recognized by clinicians. Īdults with ADHD may have difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and it is known that they face problems at work, such as the inability to organize and process work efficiently. Nevertheless, ADHD in adults show marked improvement in hyperactivity symptoms. The main symptoms of ADHD in adults appear to be carelessness and impulsiveness. It is a mental disorder that includes a combination of problems, such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness, and these problems cause a social functional impairment. Adult ADHD can generally be defined as late adolescents and adults (17 years of age or older). ĪDHD has been regarded as a childhood-specific disorder for a long time because it is thought that ADHD symptoms improve as children develop however, long-term follow-up studies report that patients diagnosed with ADHD in childhood meet the diagnostic criteria even as adults. Around 50–80% of patients diagnosed with ADHD in childhood report that symptoms persist until adulthood. The AUC of the LDA method was the largest, with an excellent level of diagnostic accuracy (4) Conclusions: ML using the MMPI-2 in a large group could provide reliable accuracy in screening for adult ADHD.Īttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. For statistical analysis, three ML algorithms were used, i.e., K-nearest neighbors (KNN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and random forest, with the ASRS evaluation result as the dependent variable and the 50 MMPI-2-RF scales as predictors (3) Results: When the KNN, LDA, and random forest techniques were applied, the accuracy was 93.1%, 91.2%, and 93.6%, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.722, 0.806, and 0.790, respectively. The MMPI-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) was used, and ADHD symptoms in adults were evaluated using the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS). This study aimed to determine whether it is possible to predict ADHD symptoms in adults using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) with machine learning (ML) techniques (2) Methods: Data collected from 5726 college students were analyzed. In addition, in contrast to ADHD in childhood, ADHD in adulthood is difficult to diagnose due to mixed psychopathologies. (1) Background: Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms cause various social difficulties due to attention deficit and impulsivity.
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